The treatment of choice for stenotrophomonas maltophilia is trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole sxt. This bacterium is found in several environments such as water, soil, plants, food and hospital settings 1, 2. It is a bacterium that can be present in almost any aquatic or humid environment and may persist for extended periods in such locations. Doctor answers on symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and more.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, gramnegative bacterium which cause uncommon but difficult to treat infections in humans. The sanger institute has completed sequencing the genome of stenotrophomonas maltophilia k279a, funded by the wellcome trust in collaboration with dr. Review of the medical records of patients admitted to a large cancer center with cultures yielding s maltophilia from urinary sources during a 15month period. It is also an opportunistic pathogen now causing an increasing number of nosocomial infections.
Nosocomial sources most often include wet areas, such as shower heads and. The rate of decline was the same as observed 3 years before the patients became. Treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations view in chinese methicillinresistant species burkholderia cepacia complex. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia is an aerobic gramnegative bacillus that is found in various aquatic environments. For language access assistance, contact the ncats public information officer. Initially classified as pseudomonas maltophilia, s. Epidemiological trends and resistance associated with.
However, the role of antibiotic treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection in people with cystic fibrosis is still unclear. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection clinlab navigator. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients with s. Websters timeline history, 1994 2007 international, icon group on.
However, welldocumented cases of urinary tract infection with this organism have rarely been reported. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of stenotrophomonas. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia an opportunistic ocular bacterial pathogen producing keratitis, keratopathy, and conjunctivitis. Belvisi v, fabietti p, del borgo c, marocco r, di vincenzo e, soscia f, et al. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that has also emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality of immunocompromised patients, particularly in the icu setting.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia treatment trip database. Factors that predispose these patients to nosocomial infections include very low birth weight, small size for gestational age, immunologic immaturity, and exposure to invasive procedures, including insertion of intravascular catheters and assisted ventilation. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of fqs and sxt for the treatment of s. It is an obligate aerobe, and is capable of growth between 5o and 40oc. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia joe flashcards quizlet. As mentioned earlier, stenotrophomonas maltophilia is very difficult to treat due to its natural resistance to many antibiotics. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia urinary tract infections in. It was first recognized when it caused an epidemic of pneumonia at a pennsylvania state american legion convention in philadelphia in 1976. Our patient had several risk factors as described above. Concomitant nosocomial pathogens were present in 30% of patients 3. Chapter 21 nonfermenting and miscellanous gramnegative bacilli learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia johns hopkins abx guide.
Herein, we describe the molecular characterization of an international collection of s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia answers on healthtap. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a topic covered in the johns hopkins abx guide to view the entire topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription official website of the johns hopkins antibiotic abx, hiv, diabetes, and psychiatry guides, powered by unbound medicine. Antimicrobial surveillance program isolates indicated that the newer. Recent references, with unique identifiers pubmed, pmid numbers for rapid downloading of article abstracts and, in. Nosocomial stenotrophomonas maltophilia are intrinsically resistant to a plethora of antimicrobial agents that severely limit commonly used empiric standard antimicrobial therapies. Treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection. Emerging disease patterns and challenges for treatment. Of the 6 cases of stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia seen in the paediatric oncology patients from year 2000 to 2004 at our hospital, only 1 case developed metastatic skin lesions.
Special pathogens laboratory, the legionella experts. A stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an infection pathogen that is present mostly in aqueous environments, e. Successful treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia soft tissue infection with tigecycline. It is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as medical advice or a diagnosis of any health or fitness problem, condition or disease. Antibiotic treatment for stenotrophomonas maltophilia in. It was first introduced under the title of bacterium booker in early 1940s 2. Antibiotic use produces newer microbial infections with the widespread use of antibiotics and dramatic improvement in patients survival, newer organisms, such as stenotrophomonas maltophilia, achromobacter xylosoxidans and nontuberculous mycobacteria are. Patients with chronic illnesses are more susceptible to this type of infection. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a motile nonfermentative, gram negative bacillus that is readily isolated from environmental sources and water. Due to its inherent extended antibiotic resistance, therapeutic options are strongly limited. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia initially classified as pseudomonas maltophilia, later xenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, gramnegative bacillus. Antibiotic use produces newer microbial infections. Mycoplasma pneumoniae also causes infection in 3% of the population and some other bacterium like stenotrophomonas maltophilia also.
Nontraditional therapy for stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The antimicrobial treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections is complicated by intrinsic multidrug resistance and a lack of reliable susceptibility data. The complete genome, comparative and functional analysis. The frequency of virulence factor production in clinical. Successful treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Patients with prolonged neutropenia, exposure to broadspectrum antibiotics, and those requiring mechanical ventilation have higher risk of infection. Burns, in principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases fourth edition, 2012. Others such as stenotrophomonas maltophilia, chryseobacterium indologenes. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental bacterium found in the soil, associated with plants and animals, and in aquatic environments. Initially classified as bacterium bookeri, then renamed pseudomonas maltophilia, s.
Antibiotics are used only when removal of prosthesis isnt possible. Infection and colonization by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia an overview sciencedirect. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia authorstream presentation. Skin manifestation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Fluoroquinolones fqs have in vitro activity against s. Activity of colistin in combination with tigecycline or. Izadi amoli, et al introduction s tenotrophomonas belongs to subclass of proteobacteria 1. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, gramnegative bacterium. It also occurs in the hospital environment and may cause bloodstream. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug resistant opportunistic.
If you have problems viewing pdf files, download the latest version of adobe reader. The bacterium is an obligate aerobe that is common throughout the environment, particularly in water. The most effective treatment involves the removal of prosthetic devices. Although an uncommon pathogen in humans, s maltophilia infection in humans, especially nosocomial, has been increasingly recognized. What is stenotrophomonas maltophilia stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a motile, gramnegative nonfermentative bacillus previously known as pseudomonas maltophilia and xanthomonas maltophilia. Kinase genes in the nosocomial pathoge n stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The organism has been isolated from both clinical and soil environments in addition to the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients and the immunocompromised. Nanotechnological applications for the control of pulmonary infections. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia is a multidrugresistant gramnegative bacillus that is an opportunistic pathogen, particularly among hospitalized patients. We assessed the activity of colistin col, rifampicin rif and tigecycline tgc alone and in combination using a range of in vitro susceptibility testing methodologies and a simple invertebrate model of s. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia has emerged as a causative agent of serious nosocomial infections.
It is increasingly recognised as a significant cause of hospital acquired infection particularly among. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection genetic and rare. S maltophilia is an organism of low virulence and frequently colonizes fluids used in the hospital setting eg, irrigation. Infection is usually facilitated by the presence of prosthetic material plastic or metal, and the most effective treatment is removal of the prosthetic material usually a central venous catheter or similar device. The growing detection rates of this bacterium in hospitalized patients are associated with the invasiveness of therapeutic and diagnostic procedures and the selection pressure of antibiotic therapy. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen of the xanthomonadaceae.
Frontiers antibiotic resistance in the opportunistic. Whilst relatively distant phylogenetically, the closest sequenced relatives of s. Twentyone patients were chronically infected with s. Xanthomonas maltophilia peritonitis in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Genetic and rare diseases information center gard po box 8126, gaithersburg, md 208988126 toll free. It is an uncommon bacterium and human infection is difficult to treat. The content on this site is presented in a summary fashion, and is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. Levofloxacin has been considered as an alternative.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative bacterium found in a variety of environments including soil, water, and plants. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important opportunistic, mainly nosocomial pathogen that emerged in the last decades worldwide. It is a nonsporulating aerobic gramnegative rod, found in a wide variety of environments and geographical regions. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia wellcome sanger institute. Uncommon pathogens causing hospitalacquired infections in. Pdf antibiofilm and antivirulence efficacy of celastrol against. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia urinary tract. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia colonizationinfection in patients with cancer has significantly increased over the past 2 decades. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical presentation. Matthew avison of the department of pathology and microbiology, university of bristol, u. The aim of our study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance of s.
950 10 708 1439 596 838 1006 30 910 39 1283 737 1492 931 1486 194 767 1246 106 655 1351 965 1421 447 1146 1545 867 476 1181 258 90 122 1319 241 1251 1306 962 107 766 649 915